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Sunday, 12 October 2014

[W543.Ebook] Download PDF Vehicle Dynamics and Control (Mechanical Engineering Series), by Rajesh Rajamani

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This is the first ever book that provides a comprehensive coverage of automotive control systems.� The presentation of dynamic models in the text is also unique. The dynamic models are tractable while retaining the level of richness that is necessary for control system design.� Much of the mateiral in the book is not available in any other text.

Sales Rank: #2590349 in Books
Published on: 2005-10-31
Ingredients: Example Ingredients
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: 9.21" h x 1.06" w x 6.14" l, 2.09 pounds
Binding: Hardcover
496 pages

Review
From the reviews: "The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive coverage of vehicle control systems and the dynamic models used in the development of these control systems. … This book is an excellent resource to researchers who work on the development of control systems. It can also serve as a textbook for a graduate level course on vehicle dynamics and control." (Mihail Megan, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1097 (23), 2006)

From the Back Cover
Vehicle Dynamics and Control provides a comprehensive coverage of vehicle control systems and the dynamic models used in the development of these control systems. The control system topics covered in the book include cruise control, adaptive cruise control, ABS, automated lane keeping, automated highway systems, yaw stability control, engine control, passive, active and semi-active suspensions, tire models and tire-road friction estimation. In developing the dynamic model for each application, an effort is made to both keep the model simple enough for control system design but at the same time rich enough to capture the essential features of the dynamics. A special effort has been made to explain the several different tire models commonly used in literature and to interpret them physically. The use of feedback control systems on automobiles is growing rapidly. This book is intended to serve as a useful resource to researchers who work on the development of such control systems, both in the automotive industry and at universities. The book can also serve as a textbook for a graduate level course on vehicle dynamics and control.

Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By Ruben D. Ochoa Borrego
Perfect book for automotive industry

3 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Vehicle Dynamics and Control
By Jin Hyun Ahn
This book is really good for the engineers or students who can understand dynamics. Even for the engineers, this book helps me to understand veh. chassis control system.

I strongly recommend this book

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[Y369.Ebook] Download Ebook The Unfolding Self: Varieties of Transformative Experience, by Ralph Metzner

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A classic and perennially relevant book, written by one of the world's foremost authorities in the field, The Unfolding Self Varieties of Transformative Experience Back to Titles The Unfolding Self examines in detail the transformations which an individual undergoes in the process of their expansion of consciousness. Referencing ancient and modern cultures from around the world, Dr. Metzner accomplishes what only a great teacher can do; conveying subtle concepts and fascinating breadth through an engrossing tapestry of myth, allegory, cross-references and historical context. Drawing upon 50 years as a pioneer in the study of consciousness, beginning with his triune collaborations with Dr.'s Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert at Harvard University in the early 1960's, Dr. Metzner brings unique experience and sagacity to this most important of inquiries. Now required reading in a number of progressive psychology courses, The Unfolding Self promises to provide its reader with valuable tools to become "wise, impartial judges" in their process of transformation into a more integrated and fulfilled person.

Sales Rank: #917876 in Books
Published on: 2010-03-21
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: 9.00" h x .84" w x 6.00" l, 1.09 pounds
Binding: Paperback
336 pages

Review
Rich in folklore and psychological insight, The Unfolding Self explores the obvious meanings and hidden meanings of those central metaphorical ideas we use to describe our most profound spiritual metamorphoses: stepping from darkness into light, for example, and the image of being set free from inner captivity, of dying and rebirth, of being cleansed in the heat of a purifying fire. The restored chapters treat the metaphors of integrating the inner wild animal, and unfolding the Tree of Life.

"The book is really about the idea of psycho-spiritual transformation," Metzner summarizes, "and the way people experience it according to the classical traditions. The new chapters are the kind of ecological themes that have become much more central a part of my focus in the time since the book was written." -- By David Templeton, Sonoma County Independent

"... describes the universal metaphors for transformation that one can encounter in a spiritual journey." -- Angeles Arrien, Ph.D., author of The Fourfold Way and Signs of

"For years I've followed a principle: Read anything Ralph Metzner writes. The Unfolding Self confirms that I am still correct. This book is a valuable guide to the farthest reaches of consciousness."-Larry Dossey, M.D., author of Prayer Is Good Medicine -- Larry Dossey, M.D., author of Prayer Is Good Medicine

"For years I've followed a principle: Read anything Ralph Metzner writes. The Unfolding Self confirms that I'm still correct. This book is a valuable guide to the farthest reaches of consciousness." -- Larry Dossey, M.D., author of Prayer is Good Medicine

"Genuine breadth of vision in this revelatory book restores magic and depth to a subject too often reduced to banality and unreality by self-improvement gurus. ...Harvest the riches from a lifetime of intrepid and discerning spiritual research. Drawing upon an enormous store of works, the author provides a thorough, scholarly and vivid description of images and experiences." -- Publishers Weekly

"Myths, legends and magic sparkle in this coherent work that describes the various avenues of the heroic journey to awareness." -- Independent Publisher

"This book is a treasure house of ancient and modern wisdom offering a wealth of stories and metaphors that nourish the soul. Metzner's breadth of knowledge and rare gift for insight make this book an extraordinary contribution to our understanding of inner realities." -- Frances Vaughan, Ph.D., author of Shadows of the Sacred

Mapping Out Life's Terrain: An Interview with Ralph Metzner

Sandra Sarr: In your book, The Unfolding Self, you present 12 universal metaphors for self transformation. How did you come to recognize these metaphors and that they would be useful to people in times of change?

Ralph Metzner: It came to me that there is a universality to the human experience that spans culture, religion, and time. As a therapist and a teacher I heard people--not only philosophers, saints, swamis or Zen masters, but ordinary people, too--describe their experiences using the same metaphors and language as others who had gone through similar experiences. Based on what I was hearing, there seemed to be universal structures that put words to experiences that otherwise would be very hard to name. I began to compare how different people have mapped out life's terrain.

SS: Why does personal transformation so often involve a spiritual component?

RM: Because persons are spiritual beings. If you don't involve a spiritual component, you're leaving something out. It would be analogous to leaving out the body when approaching transformation. We are body-mind-soul-spirit. So if you are involved in transformation you have to talk about all aspects of the human experience. This is what I try to do in my work.

SS: Does the self unfold spontaneously or must one invoke will and intention?

RM: Some patterns of transformation seem to happen by themselves and others are the result of disciplined efforts and intention. Both happen. The kind of deep psychospiritual transformation of self that I talk about in the book doesn't happen casually. There seems to be a law of inertia in psychology just like there is in physics. The law of inertia says do everything the same, business as usual, just keep habitual patterns going. But people do have spontaneous awakening experiences and spontaneous mystical revelations. There may be a trigger like falling in love or having somebody die or taking a drug or watching a sunset or listening to a piece of music.

SS: The spontaneous experience suddenly changes the way people see things?

RM: It suddenly can change everything. Evelyn Underhill, who wrote a lot of books on mysticism, said these spontaneous experiences do happen, but most often they occur in people who have been doing a lot of preparation over time. So it's really both. Transformation can happen to us in dreams or in waking life. Freud said dreams are the royal road to the unconscious. Actually I think he should have said the dreams are the commoners' road to the unconscious because everybody can go. You don't have to be a king. Everybody has dreams. Everybody can have a mystical experience of the most profound sort. And it does happen. -- By Sandra Sarr, The Spire, May 1998

Ralph Metzner, psychotherapist, academic, seeker and author of six books, shares his lifetime of research and experienced realizations in The Unfolding Self. The title says it all; the transformational aspects from various cultures is explained and brought alive with Metzner's even handed and thoughtful writing. He describes the unfolding of the self from the symbolic to the real. Myths, legends and magic sparkle in this coherent work that describes the various avenues of the heroic journey to awareness. In the chapter "Captivity to Liberation" he writes, "We must realize that we are in a trap or a labyrinth; that our character and body are armored and constricted; that there are knots and nets in various areas of our consciousness and our life. If I don't perceive my imprisonment, my boundedness and limitation, there is really no motivation for change." He writes of the reward waiting, when we are motivated to change, "When, through the process and practice of transformation, we no longer experience ourselves as victims of our fate, we can become masters of our destiny." In the end, Metzner reveals the unity of myths, beliefs and traditions characteristic of the ultimate transformation, which is wholeness and connectedness to all things. He has explained the journey and shown us the signposts. All we have to do is pack! -- From Independent Publisher

From the Publisher
Ralph Metzner long a distinguished leader in the study of the transformation of consciousness provides a brilliant cross cultural exploration of the powers of metaphor for characterizing and stimulating psycho-spiritual transformative experiences. -Michael Harner Ph.D. New School for Social Research Ralph Metzner explores the varieties of religious experience through tpsychodynamic investigation of imagery. I found his book intriguing informative and at times illuminating

From the Back Cover
In The Unfolding Self Dr. Ralph Metzner unveils the dynamics and archetypes of transformative experience-offering seekers reliable guidance along their own inner path. No comparable psychology of spirituality exists that draws from such a rich lifework of scholarship, experiment, and spiritual practice. Drawing from multiple disciplines and ranging across the world's cultures, Dr. Metzner goes beyond his roots in transpersonal psychology to uncover universal structures of spiritual transformation. Readers who immerse themselves in these masterful descriptions can catalyze their own process of evolution.

Most helpful customer reviews

61 of 61 people found the following review helpful.
wisdom and guidance for the inner path
By Ruth Henriquez Lyon
I loved this book, and intend to re-read it. It is valuable for people first starting out on their transformative journey, but also contains enough information to interest those who've been on the path a while. The title of the introduction is "From Caterpillar to Butterfly," and that states the theme of the book--how we transform. The phases we move through during transformation follow a general sequence, although this is not a linear, predictable process. The author has arranged the chapters to reflect the general ordering of the stages of growth; thus one can see that there really is a pattern to what may seem at times random and pointless. This is helpful because the transformation process can be difficult, even scary at times--this book provides much wisdom and information for understanding and moving through both the good and the difficult times. It has an extensive bibliography and notes which provide good suggestions for further learning. This book is written from the perspective of transpersonal psychology and there is much in here about consciousness and how it develops. Although the author obviously has very high standards for scholarship and intellectual inquiry, the book is enjoyable and entertaining to read. I highly recommend it.

19 of 25 people found the following review helpful.
Metaphors describing dissociative-state experiencing
By Michael Hoffman
This book is an organized inventory of the various metaphors that have been used to describe the phenomena encountered in the mystic dissociative state. Dissociative psychoactives are mentioned in an integrated manner throughout the book.

This is a revised edition of Opening to Inner Light: The Transformation of Human Nature and Consciousness. Benny Shanon's book Antipodes of the Mind is a good companion volume similarly explaining dissociative-state cognitive phenomenology as the origin of mythic metaphor.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Clear, accessible, relevant writing on the topic of ...
By starbody
Clear, accessible, relevant writing on the topic of exploring the various dynamics of consciousness as it unfolds in the 'perceived' relationship of the individual Ego with the matrix of what is commonly referred to as the 'spiritual domain' or reality.

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Thursday, 9 October 2014

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Sales Rank: #4934714 in Books
Published on: 2007
Binding: Paperback

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Sunday, 5 October 2014

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In her most recent collection of essays, "one of America's foremost critics" (Washington Post ) discusses the relationship between moral and esthetic ideas.

Sales Rank: #2165218 in Books
Published on: 1980-06
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Binding: Hardcover
203 pages

Review
'No one has written more passionately about Antonin Artaud...Nor has anyone before Sontag taken the pains to demolish so thoroughly Hitler's favourite moveimaker, Leni Riefenstahl. This is one of the crack essays in the book.' Chicago Tribune

From the Publisher
In her most recent collection of essays, "one of America's foremost critics" (Washington Post ) discusses the relationship between moral and esthetic ideas.

From the Inside Flap
In her most recent collection of essays, "one of America's foremost critics" (Washington Post ) discusses the relationship between moral and esthetic ideas.

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4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Very Fine
By Steiner
Sontag has once again compiled an intelligent collection of essays on widely varying aesthetic topics. Though she begins with a rather artificial and patronizing obituary for the late man of letters Paul Goodman, whose body of work she is evidently less than enthused with, though she feels obliged to compare him to Sartre. The essay rings of false piety.

She moves into an expansive and favorable essay on Antonin Artaud, the great playwright and artist of the avant-garde movement. Sontag reviews the developments of his great career within the context of moralistic philosophic aesthetics, liking him with Nietzsche, then Sade, then Breton.

Yet the most impressive essay in Under the Sign is titled `Fascinating Fascism,' and it is truly fascinating. In it, Sontag overviews the work of filmmaker, actress, and photographer Leni Riefenstahl, the Nazi propagandist whose body of work includes the esteemed documentaries Triumph of the Will, and Olympia, the latter about the 1936 Olympic games. Sontag reviews Riefenstahl's book of photography on the Nuba tribe in Sudan, which is apparently breathtaking. Sontag concludes that Reifenstahl, despite her `de-Nazification' and renunciation of her political past is still enamored with a fascist ideal, valuing the masculine strength of the male Nuba and placing their bodies in the foreground, while the women remain vulnerable and tucked away in shadowy corners. The essay is highly provocative.

The title essay is about the great philosopher and literary critic Walter Benjamin, whom she reviews favorably. This essay provides some interesting tidbits of information that Hannah Arendt neglects to include in her introduction, such as Benjamin's apparent hatred for Heidegger's philosophy.

Also included in this volume is an excellent and terse review of Roland Barthes, and the fine novelist Elias Canetti, whom she holds in great esteem.

9 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
Self-analysis
By Mary E. Sibley
This volume has been reread by me more than once. Sontag explains that her piece on Paul Goodman is being written in a small room in Paris. The author states she was not a friend of Goodman, although several of their worlds coincided with each other. She admired Goodman's work immensely. She describes his voice as cranky, egotistical, American. She finds him comparable, a unique voice, to D.H. Lawrence. Goodman wrote poetry, plays, novels, and social criticism. After the publication of GROWING UP ABSURD in 1960 Goodman was no longer an obscure writer. Sontag complains that he was often taken for granted, even by his admirers. She deems his amateurism identical with his genius.

Susan Sontag asserts that Antonin Artaud failed in his work and his life. His work consisted of a vast collection of fragments. Artaud described intellectual distress. He considered consciousness as process. A leading theme was the link between suffering and writing. All of Artaud's writing was in the first person. He welcomed Surrealism. Artaud's idea of revolution diverged from the Surrealists. He started in poetry. By 1926 in his search for the total art form, Artaud was doing theatrical work. Sontag holds that Artaud offers the greatest quantity of suffering in literature.

The author produces a devastating analysis of the pretensions of Leni Riefenstahl. Sontag's discussion of Alpine movie epics is engaging. Riefenstahl is identified with the Nazi era. Sontag contends that her pbotography book, THE LAST OF THE NUBA, completed thirty years after that era continued to exemplify Nazi ideology.

Walter Benjamin is the subject of the title essay. Benjamin found Saturnine elements in Baudelaire, Proust, Karl Kraus, and even Goethe. To him, subject to melancholy, solitutde appeared to be the fit state of man. Benjamin collected emblem books. His relations with others were complex, veiled. Benjamin felt an affinity to the baroque and the Surreal. He had a microscopic gaze. Benjamin was a wanderer and a collector. By miniaturizing things they became portable. Benjamin wrote that the melancholic permits himself the pleasure of allegory. His characteristic form was the essay.

The piece on Elias Canetti stresses the writer's acquisition of languages. German became the language of his mind. As a child he had spoken Ladino. He had a taste for fanciful blends of knowledge. Canetti was rather close to Freud in technique and interests, but not Freudian. Sontag describes CROWDS AND POWER as an eccentric book.

The essays in this volume are both serious and lively.

26 of 29 people found the following review helpful.
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By Krys Kieslowski
Susan Sontag is "highbrow." Her essays have scope and intellectual ambition, which readers who have an allergy to these qualities may find "pretentious." She can almost mercilessly point out when something is derivative, weakly conceived, or a sell-out. She has a commitment to cinema as High Art; she takes the contemporary novel to task for being complacent and reactionary; she has a particularly sharp eye for intellectual fraud. Readers who are only interested in marching under one banner or another, or come equipped with biases or blind spots they are proud of, will probably find her annoying.
Sontag may be guilty of "neglecting to take into consideration" entertainment or commercial value, but I'm not sure why it necessarily is a requirement for her to take these things into consideration, since so many others are happily doing so. The fact that a film enjoyed great commercial value does not necessarily exempt it from being an example of "fascist aesthetics"; it simply may mean that it was a fantastically successful example of fascist aesthetics. Sontag was writing at a time when many used the word "fascism" in a very kneejerk way, as though it was this mysterious bad thing, an unknowable plague. Sontag doesn't allow herself such a simplistic attitude. She shows that in fact fascism has many attractive aspects, which is why its aesthetic still turns up everywhere, from Michael Jackson videos to Pink Floyd's The Wall to the WWF. I'm not sure she necessarily thinks this a bad thing; Americans, as we always like to remind the world, are free to enjoy whatever we enjoy, but at least we should not be dishonest about giving things their true names.
The judgement that this writer is a product of "1960s anti-establisment, feminist movement that views anything organized or male-oriented as fascist" is just a inaccurate, vague generalization whose purpose is to dismiss Sontag without having really read or thought about what she is saying. Sontag has skewered "anti-establishment types" and various feminists with the same lack of mercy she dispenses to Arthur Miller and Norman Mailer. Nobody's obligated to read Sontag or like the kind of criticism she practices. But for anyone really interested in cinema, art, theater, the novel, and related subjects, she's essential.

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Sales Rank: #3270238 in Books
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[Y534.Ebook] Download Ebook Approaching the Great Perfection: Simultaneous and Gradual Methods of Dzogchen Practice in the Longchen Nyingtig (Studies in Indian and Tib

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Dzogchen, the Great Perfection, is the highest meditative practice of the Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism. Approaching the Great Perfection looks at a seminal figure of this lineage, Jigme Lingpa, an eighteenth-century scholar and meditation master whose cycle of teachings, the Longchen Nyingtig, has been handed down through generations as a complete path to enlightenment. Ten of Jigme Lingpa's texts are presented here, along with extensive analysis by van Schaik of a core tension within Buddhism: Does enlightenment develop gradually, or does it come all at once? Though these two positions are often portrayed by modern scholars as entrenched polemical views, van Schaik explains that both tendencies are present within each of the Tibetan Buddhist schools. He demonstrates how Jigme Lingpa is a great illustration of this balancing act, using the rhetoric of both sides to propel his students along the path of the Great Perfection.

Sales Rank: #646645 in Books
Brand: Van Schaik, Sam
Published on: 2004-06-15
Released on: 2004-06-15
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.20" w x 6.00" l, 1.22 pounds
Binding: Paperback
416 pages

Review
"Works by one of the most celebrated figures of the Nyingma school, Jigme Lingpa, are the subject of a thorough analysis by Sam van Schaik in Approaching the Great Perfection. An important work for its breadth and attention to detail, it contains translations of ten texts from the widely practiced treasure cycle called the Longchen Nyingtig, as well as a survey of Nyingma history and Jigme Lingpa's corpus. It also includes a sustained examination of the tensions between simultaneous and gradual approaches to realization as reconciled in the combination of revelatory and ordinary writings found in the Longchen Nyingtig. Van Schaik's lucid explanation of the issues and technical vocabulary in the 'seminal heart', or nyingtig, teachings provide the reader with an essential framework for tackling the extensive primary source material found in this work." (Buddhadharma)

"A clear and methodical study of Jigme Lingpa's Treasure and Great Perfection teachings. The book serves also as a lucid introduction to Nyingma philosophy and practice, as well their relation to other trends in Buddhist thought and meditation." (Janet Gyatso, Harvard University)

"A stimulating contribution to the study of simultaneist and gradualist approaches in Buddhism by way of important new translations and lucid commentary. His insights into the philosophical content of Tibetan tantric literature, as well as into the boundaries between revelation and composition, illuminate the most significant tantric cycle in the Nyingma tradition of the last three centuries." (David Germano, University of Virginia)

"Translated here are all but one of the texts comprising the Dzogchen Longchen Nyingtig cycle composed by or revealed to Jigme Lingpa, in his time (the late 18th century) the most authoritative commentator on these practices since Longchenpa, and very firmly in the latter's distinctive Seminal Heart tradition. More than just a critical edition of these fascinating and definitive texts, van Schaik's introduction and analysis are quite substantive, teasing out the deep hermeneutical tensions in these works and by extension, the Great Perfection literature as a whole while highlighting Lingpa's skillful strategies for balancing the language of immanence found in the treasure texts with his overarching concern to portray enlightenment as a gradual process. Spanning dazzlingly poetry and partisan apologetics, this book presents a wealth of information on treasure texts, the relationship between the Dzogchen, Tantra, and the highest teachings of other Tibetan lineages, and the challenges of integrating the immediacy of experience with established philosophical tradition. Both Lingpa and van Schaik are to be credited with formidable accomplishments, impressive in scope and depth." (Altar magazine (Review by Joel Bordeaux))

About the Author
Sam van Schaik received his PhD in Tibetan Buddhist Literature from the University of Manchester, England. He currently works at the British Library's international Dunhuang Project in London, researching early Tibetan manuscripts, and is the author of Tibet: A History (Yale 2011).

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30 of 32 people found the following review helpful.
Fine analysis; great translations of Lingpa's Termas/works
By Neal J. Pollock
This is a wonderful (fairly advanced) book, on Dzogchen with considerable material on Mahamudra woven in (see below). It addresses Jigme Lingpa's "Longchen Nyingtig" cycle of Termas (Treasure Texts) including discovered texts, texts resulting from "pure visions" of 14th century Dzogchen master Longchenpa while Jigme Lingpa (18th century) was in retreat, and supporting texts authored by Jigme Lingpa. All but one of these texts has been included in both English and Tibetan. Van Schaik's introductory material focuses upon certain main themes: simultaneous vs. gradual approaches to Dzogchen (the Treasure Texts focus mostly on the former and the Supporting Texts mainly on the latter), the relationship of Jigme Lingpa to his contemporaries and with Vajrayana (Tibetan Buddhism) vs. Dzogchen vs. Mahamudra. His emphasis on gradualist approaches is explained as a practical approach and he attempts to reconcile the two. I don't think Lingpa totally succeeds in this, however. By taking a gradualist approach, he incorporates much basic Vajrayana material (including extensive preliminary practices) which are, at least on the surface, antithetical to the Dzogchen view (being dualistic, for example). He also uses the Mahamudra 12 stage descriptive process and provides parallels with other systems (e.g. the Prajnaparamita or Perfection of Wisdom sutras). The dichotomy between simultaneous and gradual parallels that between immanence (Buddha nature) & distinction (transcendence)-a situation not unlike that of the theistic Western religions. While Jigme Lingpa relies considerably upon his discarnate master Longchenpa (many quotes are provided), his emphasis upon Vajrayana practices goes way beyond, IMHO, that of Longchenpa (Longchen Rabjam)-as discussed by van Schaik.

Van Schaik has done us a great service in providing translations of these texts. The Termas include discussions of the mind vs. mind itself, wisdom/gnosis vs. emptiness (not the same), and use of symbols (p. 137: "the host of male and female bodhisattvas who are the pure senses, sense objects, and times"). The pure visions somewhat parallel the Termas (p. 168: "The original general ground is a state like the sky; the ground's manifestation, gnosis, is like clouds dispersing in the sky"). The supporting texts include a number of wonderful quotes for my collection such as:

pp. 209-10: "having distinguished between reflexive awareness (which is all-penetrating primordial wisdom) and mind (which is nescient conceptualization and delusive forms), you should maintain freedom from limits in the state of the vast spacious expanse of gnosis, without following after it. Through this, the imprints of the conceptual mind are purified, and errors and straying are cut off."

p. 236: "The agent of the recognition of thoughts and emotions should be put to one side without giving him any importance like the unconcerned disinterest of an old man watching a child at play."

p. 237: "Appearances, emptiness, and union are just words, names, and terms."

p. 238: "Even this Vajra song is like the play of optical illusions."

In summary, this is a book for the serious Dzogchen student to keep as reference.

5 of 16 people found the following review helpful.
A Solid Study on Dzogchen in the Longchen Nyingtik
By L. Ron Gardner
This book was recommended to me by a fellow reviewer of "Natural Perfection" (a book he gave five stars and I gave two). Given our disparate viewpoints on Dzogchen teachings, I doubted I'd find this text (which he gave five stars) one that I deeply resonated with - and I was right.

First off, the writing of both Sam van Schaik and Jigme Lingpa, the author of "Longchen Nyingtig," is mediocre. I specialize in composing explicative spiritual literature, and I found myself cringing at the choice of various words and terms. For example, van Schaik uses the term "reflexive awareness" as a synonym for "rigpa," the nirvanic mode of awareness, and this term is utterly inappropriate. In fact, "rigpa," which I term "plugged-in presence" in my teachings, is non-reflexive, or un-recoiled, or un-retracted, awareness. Van Schaik also uses the term "gnosis" as a synonym for "rigpa," and again, this is an inappropriate term. Gnosis is what a meditator experiences after his awareness penetrates into Ultimate Reality; it is not the act of penetration itself. Do other Dzogchen authors use the same terms as van Schaik? Yes, and I downgrade them as well for their inappropriate parroting.

In the Introduction, van Schaik writes: "The Instruction Series, on the other hand, gradually increased in popularity from its appearance in the eleventh century and in time supplanted entirely the Mind Series and the Space Series, becoming by the eighteenth century the only form of the Great Perfection still practiced." This statement contradicts reality. For example, eminent contemporary Dzogchen master Namkhai Norbu received not only the Instruction Series transmission from his gurus, but also the Mind Series and the Space Series transmissions. Moreover, Norbu teaches Space Series Dzogchen, as evidenced by his text "The Cycle of Day and Night," an elaboration of Garab Dorje's teachings.

I find the teachings of Jigme Lingpa a mixed bag. I appreciate his spot-on criticisms of Yogacara, Madhyamaka, and the Gelug School (see my one-star reviews of Jeffrey Hopkins' "Meditation on Emptiness and Guy Newland's "Introduction to Emptiness" for more such criticism), but I don't find him a particularly clear and cogent exponent of the Great Perfection. And the fact that his own sadhana focused minimally on Atiyoga, as does "Longchen Nyingtik," further informs me that he was not a reincarnation of Longchen Rabjam. "Longchen Nyingtig" derives heavily from the teachings of Rabjam, Tsele Natsok Rangdrol, Dagpo Tashi Namgyal, and other gurus, and the fact that it integrates various revered Tibetan teachings into a single text, rather than displays unique brilliance a la Rabjam, probably accounts for its becoming a standard Nyingmapa work.

It's almost a distortion to label Lingpa a champion of Dzogchen. He argues strongly for other levels of practice alongside the Great Perfection, and as van Schaik points out, in "Longchen Nyingtig" only one Great Perfection text, "Yeshe Lama," sets out the specific instructions for the practice and the levels through which [Dzogchen] is to be approached."

In "Longchen Nyintig," Lingpa places leapover (togal) over breakthrough (trekcho) as the highest Great Perfection practice, and provides seven reasons for doing so. I find Lingpa's version of leapover, which doesn't match the one I teach (channeling Clear-Light Energy, the Sambhogakaya) to be anathema to the ideal of the Great Perfection. Lingpa's version emphasizes visual phenomena, and, in my opinion, any spiritual practice that focuses attention on visual phenomena should not be classified under the rubric of Dzogchen.

I also reject Lingpa's system of esoteric spiritual anatomy. For example, in "The Subsequent Tantra of Great Perfection Instructions," he says mind is located in a channel in the lungs, while wisdom is located in the physical heart. What nonsense! And there's plenty more of it in the text.

I like Lingpa's "Vajra Verses on the Natural State," but he tends to be loose and imprecise with his language and terms. For example, he writes, "Mindfulness arising is the sambhogakaya." No, it's not. If such makeshift language doesn't bother you, then you will probably enjoy and appreciate his creative Dharma verses.

Lingpa writes: "The heart essence of the teaching is not [given out] at the door. It is necessary that the transmission of the truth descend into one's heart." Unfortunately, he never elaborates on this statement, whereas in Hindu tantra, it is made clear that it is Shakti (the Sambhogakaya in Buddhism) that descends into and cuts the heart-knot, thereby enabling the yogi to awaken as the Self, a Buddha.

In summary, this book is an important and worthwhile read for anyone interested in Jigme Lingpa and/or the "Longchen Nyongtig." But if you're simply interested in Great Perfection teachings, I suggest texts by Longchen Rabjam and Norkhai Norbu over this one.

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